Erum Education

 Chapter Orientation The breast is a modified skin appendage which has functional and social significance in the females but is rudimentary in the males. Onset of its development in females is linked to menarche as a part of developmental milestones in puberty. The breast responds to hormonal changes in reproductive years of a woman's life-during pregnancy, lactation, and post-menopausal and age-related involution. Like in other organs, the breast too is affected by anomalies, inflammatory diseases, and is the site of occurrence of benign and malignant neoplasms. However, the most important purpose of study of diseases of the breast is early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer, a disease that leads other cancers in incidence and mortality in women. Topics for study of breast diseases are discussed in this chapter under following headings:  1) normal structure. 2) inflammatory conditions, 3) benign epithelial proliferations, 4) benign fibroepithelial tumours, and 5) carcin...

  Which is Important for ABO antigen ? H Substance ✔ I Substance Alfo antigen Beta antigen Blue color of antisera A is due to ? Trypan Blue ✔ Methylene Blue Cynide None of Above D Antigen is also called as ? Rh+ve Rh-Ve Bombay Blood Group RH Antigen ✔ O Negative is Universal ? Donor ✔ Recipient Donor as well as Recipient All of above Removal of Specific Component of blood for human body by process of – Apheresis ✔ Centrifuge All of above None of above Platelet Rich Plasma Prepare in how much hour after collection ? 24 Hours 8 Hours 6 Hours ✔ Any time but should be referigerated Centrifuge whole blood in low speed give us ? RPR ✔ PPP PC WBC Fresh Frozen Plasma store for – 5 Years at -70°C ✔ 1 Year at -4°C 24 hours at -20°C 71 hours at Room Temperature 1 Unit rise Hb 1% ✔ 0.1% 10% 5% How often we donate blood ? After 24 hours After 3 Hours After 3 Months ✔ After 6 Months What is an Advantage of apheresis ? Avoide Circulatory Overload Avoide Iron Overload Different Blood Componants to...

  Staphylococcus Staphylococcus are Gram Positive cocci it is arranged in grapes like cluster. they are the commonest causes of suppuration. They are medically important species of genus staphylococcus includes Staphylococcus aureus ( pathogenic infection of man) staphylococcus epidermids staphylococcus saprophyticus. ( skin commensal ) Under the microscope theu appears spherical ( cocci ) and form in grapes cluster. Morphology of staphylococcus They are Gram Positive cocci arranged in groups like cluster non motile and non sporing approximately 1 mm in diameter and it Nanna flagellated organism. Culture media staphylococcus They grow rapidly on ordinary culture media. The optimum temperature is grow 41°C and optimum PH 7.4-7.6 They aerobic and facultative anaerobes Nutrient Agar for staphylococcus After overnight of 24 hour incubation the colonies are to 2 to 4 mm in diameter circular smooth convex and easily emulsifiable. Blood Agar for staphylococcus Colonies are similar to thei...

Identification of bacteria After isolation of bacteria in pure culture from a specimen it has to be identification. Bacteria are identified routinely by morphological and biochemical test supplemented as need by specialised test such as Syria type antibiotic. Morphology of bacteria Colony the following features of the calling our study Size  surface  shape  colour  haemolysis. Growth in liquid media Media bacteria growth may be a following forms Uniform terbidity Deposits of bottom Surface pelical formation  Stanning of Bacteria  Staining method are emploed to examine. Smell prepared from the bacteria Colony or liquid culture commonly used as follows. Gram stain Albert stain Zn staining Heinging drop preparation Differentiate motile bacteria from non motile onces  Bacteria test The widely used biochemical test are described below Sugar fermentation It determines the ability of an organism to permit a specific carbohydrate in corporated in a medium pro...

 Very Short answer  What is tissue and classification of tissue What Is paraffin Define H&E staining Name special stain for connective tissue Principal of gram stain Name stain used in cytological study . What is metachromatic stain with example Define dark ground microscope Special stain for carbohydrates What is pigment in the tissue Shot questions Define metachromasia and discuss any one metachromasia dye Special stain for muscle fibres Special stain for elastic fibres What is minerals and pigment in the tissue and demonstration? Describe hematoxylin stain and it's importance in histology Essay types Questions Definition microscope and their maintenance magnification power all types of microscope and discuss working principle of dark ground microscope and interference microscope Describe epithelial tissue and classification functions of Epithelial Tissue and classification functions of connective tissue.