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Showing posts with the label Bacteriology

Hereditary Haemochromatosis (HFE): Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

By Sam
Hereditary Haemochromatosis (HFE): Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Complete article to Iron Overload Disorder | Symptoms, Genetics, Testing, and Management Hereditary Haemochromatosis (HFE) is one of the most common genetic disorders affecting iron metabolism in the human body. Despite its prevalence, it remains widely underdiagnosed due to its slow progression and non-specific early symptoms. This condition leads to excessive absorption and accumulation of iron in vital organs such as the liver, heart, pancreas, joints, and skin. Over time, this excess iron can cause serious and potentially life-threatening complications. In this comprehensive article, we will explore what Hereditary Haemochromatosis is, how it develops, its genetic basis, symptoms, diagnostic methods, treatment options, lifestyle modifications, and long-term outlook. This article is designed to be informative, easy to understand, and valuable for patients, caregivers, medical students, and hea...
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Staphylococcus aureus

By Sam
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Staphylococcus aureus is a spherical gram-positive bacterium, a member of the Bacillota, and is a common member of the body's microbiota, often found in the upper respiratory tract and on the skin. It is often positive for catalase and nitrate reduction and is a facultative anaerobe that can grow without the need for oxygen. Although Staphylococcus aureus usually acts as a component of the human microbiota, it can also become an opportunistic pathogen, which is a common cause of skin infections including abscesses, respiratory infections such as sinusitis and food poisoning. Pathogenic species often drive infections by producing virulence factors such as potent protein toxins and expression of a cell surface protein that binds and inactivates antibodies. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the leading pathogens for antimicrobial resistance-related deaths, and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a global problem in ...
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Staphylococcus introduction morphology biochemical test and treatment

By Sam
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  Staphylococcus Staphylococcus are Gram Positive cocci it is arranged in grapes like cluster. they are the commonest causes of suppuration. They are medically important species of genus staphylococcus includes Staphylococcus aureus ( pathogenic infection of man) staphylococcus epidermids staphylococcus saprophyticus. ( skin commensal ) Under the microscope theu appears spherical ( cocci ) and form in grapes cluster. Morphology of staphylococcus They are Gram Positive cocci arranged in groups like cluster non motile and non sporing approximately 1 mm in diameter and it Nanna flagellated organism. Culture media staphylococcus They grow rapidly on ordinary culture media. The optimum temperature is grow 41°C and optimum PH 7.4-7.6 They aerobic and facultative anaerobes Nutrient Agar for staphylococcus After overnight of 24 hour incubation the colonies are to 2 to 4 mm in diameter circular smooth convex and easily emulsifiable. Blood Agar for staphylococcus Colonies are similar to thei...
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Identification of bacteria and biochemical tests with introduction and result

By Sam
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Identification of bacteria After isolation of bacteria in pure culture from a specimen it has to be identification. Bacteria are identified routinely by morphological and biochemical test supplemented as need by specialised test such as Syria type antibiotic. Morphology of bacteria Colony the following features of the calling our study Size  surface  shape  colour  haemolysis. Growth in liquid media Media bacteria growth may be a following forms Uniform terbidity Deposits of bottom Surface pelical formation  Stanning of Bacteria  Staining method are emploed to examine. Smell prepared from the bacteria Colony or liquid culture commonly used as follows. Gram stain Albert stain Zn staining Heinging drop preparation Differentiate motile bacteria from non motile onces  Bacteria test The widely used biochemical test are described below Sugar fermentation It determines the ability of an organism to permit a specific carbohydrate in corporated in a medium pro...
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