Anticoagulant BMLT

Anticoagulant is the substance that prevents blood clotting is called anticoagulant. The substance that prevents blood from clotting inside the body is called in vivo and the substance that prevents blood from clotting outside the body is called In vitro.



Various types of Anticoagulant .


  1. Heparin 
  2. EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid )
  3. Oxalate Compound
  4. Citrate Anticoagulant
Heparin

 It is made by mast cell where it is found in larg quantities outside the capillary of tissues and organs.

Basophil cells also secrete heparin. Commercially, heparin is made from organs other than the animal's liver.

Use - Heparin is an antimicrobial that is used both in vivo and in vitro.

Clinical use 

1.Intra Vascular (V.I) injection (0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg) of heparin stop blood clotting for 3 4 hour (Body weight)

2. Prevents blood clotting by the I.V (intra Vascular) after surgery

3. Cardiac surgery when blood is transferred through the heart, lungs

4.If there is a delay in blood transfusion to the recipient by collecting blood from a donor, it is used.

Laboratory use : 

In vitro it is done for various types of investigation in the laboratory.

Merits of Heparin:

It makes very little interference between the various investigations of the test.

Demerits of Heparin: 

1. This anticoagulant temporarily stops blood clotting.

2. It is more expensive than other antikgulants.

3. Heparin should not be used for hematology test because when blood smear is stained with wright stain, So the blue background produces the blood smear.


E.D.T.A 

E.D.T.A Anticoagulant:
This anticoagulant is remove the calcium from the blood to prevent the blood clotting.

Clinical use

1.Clinically, EDTA is used in blood poisoning cases.
2. Used in various types of investigations in the laboratory

Merits of EDTA

1. It perfectly preserves the morphology of the antigulant cells.
2. It is use for Hematological test.

Demerits of EDTA

1.Too much of EDTA only reduces PCV and increases MCHC.
². Too much of EDTA change the Marphology of cells 
3. EDTA should not be used for enzyme tests.
4. EDTA is not used for the colorimetric technique.

Oxalate Anticoagulant


Oxalate Anticoagulant :
It is an anticoagulant that used to prevent blood clots.

Laboratory use : 
The oxalate compound is used for various types of investigation in the laboratory.

Merits of Oxalate Compound

1. The oxalate compound is used for the determination of glucose.

2. Ammonia, potassium (NH3) oxalate is used in hematological investigation as it does not disturb the morphology of the cell.

Demerits of Oxalate Compound

1. It should not use oxalate compound for enzyme test.

2.  It should not be used for uric acid, phosphate, amylase, lactoacetates test.

Citrate Anticoagulant

Citrate Anticoagulant:
There is an anticoagulant here which prevents the blood from clotting. Citrate Anticoagulant like Sodium, Potassium, Ammonium etc.

Laboratory use :

Sodium potassium and ammonium are used In vitro in the laboratory.

Merits of Citrate Anticoagulant: 
Citrate is used in blood bank to prevent blood clotting. 

Demerits of Citrate Anticoagulant: 

1. Some enzyme test like S.G.O.T and .S.G.P.T test should not be used 
2. Citrate should not be used for determination of calcium and inorganic phosphate.


Citrate Anticoagulant prevent blood clotting for 28 days.