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Quality Control in Medical Laboratories: Ensuring Accurate and Reliable Results Quality control (QC) is a critical component of medical laboratory operations, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of test results. It involves a series of procedures and practices that monitor and maintain the quality of laboratory services. Key Components of Quality Control in Medical Laboratories  * Pre-analytical QC:    * Patient identification:  Verifying patient information to prevent errors.    * Specimen collection:  Ensuring proper collection techniques and handling.    * Specimen transport:  Maintaining appropriate storage conditions and timely delivery.  * Analytical QC:    * Calibration:  Regularly calibrating instruments to ensure accurate measurements.    * Controls:  Using control samples to monitor test performance and detect any deviations.    * Reagent QC:  Checking the quality and expirati...

Medical Laboratory Technician ANZSCO 311213 The Australian Institute of Medical and Clinical Scientists (AIMS) is specified in accordance with the Migration Regulations 1994 as the assessing authority for the occupations ANZSCO Medical Laboratory Scientist 234611 and ANZSCO Medical Laboratory Technician 311213. Applicants wishing to apply for Australia a Medical Laboratory Scientist or Technician of the Medical Laboratory under the General Skills Migration visa categories will need AIMS to assess your skills. AIMS will assess applicants as "suitable" or "unsuitable" for the nominated occupation based on the requirements it has established. About Medical Laboratory Science / Laboratory Medicine in Australia In Australia, most people educated and scientifically and technically trained in medical laboratory sciences are employed in public hospitals or private medical pathology laboratories. Medical laboratory scientists: Typically employed in medical pathology laborato...

 Staphylococci BMLT Microbiology Clinical significance Of Staphylococci BMLT Staphylococci can cause many types of infections. (1) S aureus causes skin lesions (abscesses, styes) and local abscesses on some sites. (2) S aureus causes serious infections, such as osteomyelitis and endocarditis and more serious skin diseases (furunculosis). (3) S aureus is a major cause of hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infections of surgical wounds and, through S epidermidis, causes infections associated with internal medical equipment. (4) S aureus causes food poisoning by releasing enterotoxins from food. (5) S aureus causes toxic shock syndrome by releasing superantigens into the bloodstream. (6) S saprophiticus causes urinary tract infections, especially in girls. (7) Other types of staphylococci (S lugdunensis, S haemolyticus, S warrneri, S schleiferi, S intermedius) are rare viruses. Structure of Staphylococci BMLT Staphylococci are Gram-positive cocci 1μm in diameter. Build collections Classif...

INTRODUCTION OF ENZYME Enzymes are synthesized by the cells of all living organisms. They act like catalysts and accelerate the multitude of metabolic reactions upon which life depends. Without exception, all enzymes are proteins and their catalytic activity depends on the presence of a precise conformational structure in the folded polypeptide chains. Even minor alterations in this structure may result in the loss of activity. Enzymes act on specific substrates. Substrate is a substance on which an enzyme acts and a specific end product/s is/are produced. For example, when amylase (enzyme) acts on starch (substrate) the end products produced are maltose and dextrins. Without enzymes life would not be possible. As the biocatalysts, enzymes occupy central role in health and disease. In health, all physiologic processes occur in an ordered, regulated manner mainly due to the catalytic functions of enzymes, which coordinate numerous metabolic reactions inside the cells. Enzymes play very ...

Contents [ hide ] CARBOHYDRATES DEFINITION Carbohydrates are defined as the aldehydic or ketonic derivatives of higher polyhydroxy alcohol or anhydrides of such derivatives. IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS Humans and all animals except carnivorous derive the major portion of their food calories from the various types of carbohydrates in their diets. Most of the energy for the metabolic activities of the cell in all organisms is derived from the oxidation of carbohydrates (in the form of glucose). In the storage organs of plants (in the form of starch) and in the liver and muscles of animals (in the form of glycogen), they are important food reserve. They also serve as an important component of skeletal structures in plants (in the form of cellulose) and that of outer structure of microorganisms. Classification of Carbohydrates Monosaccharides These consist of single polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone unit which cannot be broken down to simpler substances on hydrolysis. Monosaccharides containing...

Contents [ hide ]  INTRODUCTION of Glassware Glassware used in each section of the laboratory is highlys pecific and expensive. It is necessary to handle glassware carefully to avoid accidents in the laboratory. Clinical laboratory procedures require accurate determinations to measure specific analytes in the various types of specimen. For accurate laboratory work standardized and validated glassware is used. COMPOSITION OF GLASSWARE Laboratory glassware is usually manufactured from borosilicate glass. It is resistant to the action of chemicals with the exception of hydrofluoric acid. It is made to withstand mechanical breakage and a sudden change of temperature. The main ingredients of borosilicate glasS are as follows General Glassware Beakers  These have capacities from 5 ml to 5000 ml (5l). They are generally in a square form, which is cylindrical and has a spout. These are used mainly for the preparation of solutions. Flasks  These have capacities of 25 ml-5000...

Introduction: What is Colorimetry and How Does it Work? In clinical practice it is important to know the concentration of certain compounds is biological samples. Colorimetry is the most windly used technique for quantitative analysis of such compounds. In colorimetric technique the concentration of compounds is determined by measuring the intensity of colour the intensity of colour is propotioned to the concentration of the compound being measured. However many compound of clinical important present in body fluid such as sugar proteins area creatinine etc are not coloured these compounds conform colour complexes by specific chemical reaction and the colour intensity is directly proportional to the concentration of the compound undergoing chemical reaction. The relationship between concentration and colour intensity give by Beer's low and Lambert's Low. Beer's low :-  When monochromatic light passed through a light absorbing medium the intensity of the transmitted light dec...

 Laboratory Responsibilities of the lab works. 1. The lab workers plays an important role to find out the cause of disease by providing the phygicion the required lab test result. 2. The laboratory workers thus helps the patient to get better by providing accurate test finding to the phygicions. 3. The laboratory worker should not offer personal excuses for short coming in the performance of duty. 4. Any error should be reported to the superior without fear, So that they can be corrected. 5. Trust must always be told because a wrong result may lead to patient death. 6. The laboratory technician should look after all equipment carefully and should try to needed for each test. It is necessary to keep the reagent bottles, glassware other laboratory requirement appropriate places after its use. 7. In the course of laboratory testing the laboratory workers gains a lot of information about patient of their illness. Every laboratory worker must maintain high moral to professional standard...

 Collection of Specimen Introduction The specimen which are investigated for various biochemistry analysis or diagnosis of disease to monitor treatment or for research purpose they are- Blood  CFS ( Cerebrospinal Fluid ) Gastric juice  Calculi Pleural Fluid Urine Saliva Sweat Pericardial fluid Sputum Stool For the successful isolation of any pathogen or determination of any particular biomarker in a sample following things are dependent - Types of specimen  Collection time Method of dispatch so the laboratory storage  Aseptic flandling Specimen Collection  Specimen should be collected under aseptic conditions It is necessary to avoid contamination discharge with skin contact. Specimen should be collected in dry spoil containers. Specimen must be clearly labelled with Patient name  Date  Time  Word 5. Each specimen should be collected according to requirement for the investigation. 6. Some Specimen are labelled with high risk and must be with ...

 The Importance of Hematology Glassware in Medical Laboratories Likewise, presence of impurities in glass labware can distort the meniscus and can prevent one from getting the correct results out of the science lab experiment. Keeping the laboratory glassware physically neat and clean, free of grease, and bacteria is therefore of the utmost importance. Which Types of Hematology Glasswares are Available? Test tub e:- They are used to heat and hold reagents to monitor chemical reactions. Test Tubes Racks :- Used to hold the test tube vertically. These are made of metal or plastic. Test Tube Holder:- Used during heating test tube. Funnel :- It is used during filtration. Volumetric Glassware: Includes cylinders, pipes, burette and volumetric bottles; is used to measure the precise volume of a liquid. a. Dropping Bottle: Allow the liquid to flow in a downward direction wisely. Non-Volumetric Glassware: 1. Beaker:-  It is used to heat liquids and to prepare a reagent solution. 2.Pet...

 What is a red blood cell count? Red blood cell count is a blood test used by your doctor to determine how many red blood cells (RBCs) you have. It is also known as erythrocyte count. Testing is important because RBCs contain hemoglobin, which carries oxygen to your body's tissues. The amount of RBCs you have can affect how much oxygen your tissues receive. Your tissues need oxygen to function. Symptoms of an abnormal count If your RBC score is too high or too low, you may experience symptoms and problems. If you have a low RBC score, symptoms may include: fatigue shortness of breath dizziness, weakness, or lightheadedness, particularly when you change positions quickly increased heart rate headaches pale skin If you experience these symptoms your  doctor may control the RBC count. fatigue shortness of breath joint pain tenderness in the palms of the hands or soles of the feet itching skin, particularly after a shower or bath sleep disturbance If you experience these symptoms ...

 DEFINATION Human Anatomy: It is the branch of science that studies the physical structure of human body. • Physiology: It is the branch of biology that deals with the internal working of living things, including functions such as metabolism, respiration and reproduction. STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION All multicellular organisms are organized at different levels, starting with the cell and ending with the entire organism. LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION • There are six levels of organization (from smallest to largest) 1. The chemical level 2. The cellular level 3. The tissue level 4. The organ level 5. The organ system level 6. The organism level SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY • There are 11 systems of the human body 1. Integumentary system (hairs, nails, sweat glands, oil glands) 2. Skeletal system 3. Muscular system 4. Endocrine system 5. Cardiovascular system 6. Lymphatic system 7. Respiratory system 8. Digestive system 9. Nervous system 10. Urinary system 11. Reproductive system BAS...

 WHAT IS RESPIRATORY SYSTEM? BMLT The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system, consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in human. Organs of Respiratory System: Nose and nasal cavity. Pharynx Larynx Trachea Two bronchi Bronchioles Two Lungs NOSE AND NASAL CAVITY POSITION AND STRUCTURE Main route of air entry. Two cavities divided by a SEPTUM. Anteriorly consist hyaline cartilage. The roof is formed by ethmoid bone The floor is formed by roof of the mouth. The medial wall formed by the septum. The lateral wall formed by the maxilla. RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS OF THE NOSE The first of the respiratory passages. Warming- Due to the immense vascularity of the mucosa. Filtering and cleaning- This occurs due to hairs which trap larger particles. Humidification - As air travels over the moist mucosa,it becomes saturated with water vapour. PHARYNX What is pharynx? The pharynx is the part of the throat that is ...