Erum Education

What is Virus BMLT Introduction of Virus Viruses are microbes that cannot be seen by wearing naked eyes.  The study of viruses is called virology. A single virus is called a virion Virus is the smallest, obligate, intracellular infective agent Two types of nucleic acids are found in virus. Viruses multiply by complex presses not by binary fission. Viruses do not do any metabolic activity outside the living cell. Viruses grow only on living cells, do not grow on artificial media No particular cell wall and cellular enzymes are found in the virus. Size of Virus Its size is 10um- 300um Virus particles are called viruses. The largest virus is the small pox virus, whose size is 300 cm. The smallest virus is Parvo virus, whose size is 10-17um. Structure:- Each cell contains nucleic acid which is coated by a protein called capsid. When nucleic acid is enclosed with capsid it is called nucleocapsid. The capsid is made up of a large number of protein subunits called capsomeres. Some viruses...

Entamoeba Gingivalia Only trophozoite stage of Entamoeba Gingivalia is obtained but no cyst occurs. The size of the trophozoite is 10 to 20 mm. Actively motile multiple pseudopodia along the epithelial cell with bacteria ingesting food vacuoles in the cytoplasm. Nucleus rounded shape central karyosome and nuclear membrane cause chromatin granules in line. Entamoeba Gingivalia Trophozoite Mode of Transmission :- By Direct Oral Contact And Droplets Of Saliva And Clomid. Epidemiology:-  It is obtained in vaginal and cervical smears when humans use intrauterine devices in a contaminant manner.It Appears in Dog, Cat and Monkey's Mouth. Giardia lamblia Geographical Distribution- World Wide Habitat:-  Present in the upper part of duodenum and jejunum. Most Common Intestine Protozoa Flagella Pathogen That Cause Diarrhoea. Marphology :- On the basis of morphology it is divided into two faces. Trophozoites  Cyst 1. Trophozoites :- Rounded anterior and posterior or size 14πm Long, ...

Entamoeba Histolytica   BMLT   Geographical Distribution - World Wide  Habitat:- Entomoeba histolytica was discovered by Losch in 1875 in dysentery feces of a patient in Russia. It is found in the intestine and liver. Marphology :-  Entomoeba histolytica was discovered by Loch in 1875 in dysentery faces of a patient in Russia. It is found in the intestine and liver. Trophozoit Stage  Pre-Cyst Stage  Cyst Stage  1. Trophozoit Stage :- Trophozoit stage and Vegetative stage parasite are growing or feeding stage. Their shape is not fixed due to change of position. Their size is 18 to 40mm Its cytoplasm appears in two parts. Ectoplasm and Endoplasm Its nucleus is of spherical shape and the size of the nucleus keeps on increasing and decreasing from 4 to 6 mm. In fresh preparation the nucleus is not visible due to rapid movement but when the motility is reduced.So a slight outline of the nucleus becomes visible inside the body of the parasite. Stained prepa...

 Amoeba  Best Sellers in Industrial & Scientific Introduction :-  Amoeba is a simple structurally protozoa that never has a fixed shape. Amoeba 🦠 Phylum          - Sarcomastigophora Sub Phylum  - Sarcodina Order             - Amoeboid Class.           - Lobosea The following genus has been placed under this order Entamoeba Genus  Entamoeba Histolytica Entamoeba Coil  Entamoeba Gingivalis Endolimax Nana . Indamoeba Genus  Iodamoeba Genus  Iodamoeba Butschlii Its ketoplasm is bound by a unit membrane called outer ectoplasm and can differentiate into inner endoplasm. Pseudopodia are formed by outer ectoplasm and inner endoplasm produces bound projection. Pseudopodia's process keeps getting worse which produces an immediate change in the shape of the cell. These pseudopods help in swallowing and locomotion through phagocytosis. Amoeba is a free living parasite. ...

Protozoa Introduction  Amoeba E.Histolytica  E.Gingivalis Giardia Lamblia Trichomonas Vaginalis Malaria Parasite  Introduction  General Characters of Protozoa It is a unicellular organism whose size varies from 1mm to 50mm. It is Heterotrophs It moves by means of Pseudopodae flagella, Chilia. These normally make their food through Phagocytosis. True cell wall is not found in. Most protozoa have single nucleus but some Protozoa are also multinucleated. It cell structure, mode of life , Reproduction is very complex. Most of the Reproduction is done by Binary Fission and Longitudinal fission. They contain contractile vacules for Osmo regulation  Some Protozoa are also spherical oval and elongated. Some are also Photosynthetic. They study of Protozoa is called Protozoalogy. Protozoa Classification of Protozoa Protozoa parasite is divided into 4 parts on the basis of medical importance. Amoeba  Flagellate  Ciliate  Sporozoa 1. Amoeba :- This type of pa...

 What is Parasitology? Introduction Collection of Sample Protozoa Helminth 1. Introduction Parasitology Study of parasites that cause diseases in humans. It is called medical Parasitology. Clinical Parasitology:- Pathogenic organisms that are larger in size than bacteria and fungi under clinical parasitology. Host:- The organism that provides nutrition and habitat for the parasite to survive is called the host. Parasite  A living organism that takes its nutritional habitat from another living organism is called a parasite. Classes of Parasite  Classes of Parasite divided into 8 classes. Ectoparasite  Endoparasite  Temporary Parasite Permanent Parasite Facultative Parasite Obligatory Parasite Occosional Parasite Wondering Parasite 1. Ectoparasite. Parasites that live on the surface of the host's body are called ectoparasites. 2. Endoparasite:- Parasites that live inside the host's body are called endoparasites. 3. Temporary Parasite:- visits the host for some tim...

 Preparation of specimen collection Material Disposable Syringe and needle Cotton  Tourniquet 70% Alcohol Clean and dry bottle Test tube with anticoagulant Blood Collection Material Collection of blood Routine hematological tests that requires small amount of blood for them, blood is collected by pricking the finger and ear lob. Blood is collected by vain puncture for such hematological tests in which larg amount of blood are required. Collection of Capillary blood by skin Puncture. Clean blood collection areas with 70% Alcohol or Spirits . Prick should be done with the help of needle at the place of clean. The prick should be So deep that the blood comes out easily  The first drop of blood should be clean with the help of cotton. Second drop should be used for test. Number of test by Capillary blood:- Hemoglobin RBC Count, WBC Count, Platelets Count DLC Count  Bleeding time  Clotting time  Blood Group Rh type  Notes :- Capillary blood should be used ...