What is Parasitology?
- Introduction
- Collection of Sample
- Protozoa
- Helminth
1. Introduction
Parasitology
Study of parasites that cause diseases in humans. It is called medical Parasitology.
Clinical Parasitology:-
Pathogenic organisms that are larger in size than bacteria and fungi under clinical parasitology.
Host:-
The organism that provides nutrition and habitat for the parasite to survive is called the host.
Parasite
A living organism that takes its nutritional habitat from another living organism is called a parasite.
Classes of Parasite
Classes of Parasite divided into 8 classes.
- Ectoparasite
- Endoparasite
- Temporary Parasite
- Permanent Parasite
- Facultative Parasite
- Obligatory Parasite
- Occosional Parasite
- Wondering Parasite
1. Ectoparasite.
Parasites that live on the surface of the host's body are called ectoparasites.
2. Endoparasite:-
Parasites that live inside the host's body are called endoparasites.
3. Temporary Parasite:-
visits the host for some time.
4. Permanent Parasite:-
Who lives with the host's body for the rest of his life.
5. Facultative:-
When given an opportunity, the parasite affects the host by attacking the host.
6. Obligatory Parasite:-
The parasite that cannot exist without life.
7. Unusually attacks the host.
8. Wondering Parasite:-
They go to the place where they hide but do not live like they do and become pathogenic when given a chance.
Classes of Host
Definition:-
The organism which provides nutrition and shelter to the parasite to survive is called host.
- Definitive Host
- Intermediate Host
- Paratenic Host
1. Definitive Host :-
providing shelter to the adult stage of the parasite or where the parasite is reproduced by sexual method.
2. Intermediate Host :-
It provided habitat to the larval stage of the parasite.
3. Paratenic Host:-
A host that carries parasites from one place to another without further development.
Source of Infection
Source of Infection:-
Parasitic infection spreads through various sources, it is transmitted or spread.
1. Soil:-
Embryonated eggs and infective larvae which are present in the soil. Enters the body by an ingestive and larval inoculations and by injection and skin penetrative.
2. Water:-
Cyst of protozoa present in water and eggs or infective larvae of helminthes enter the body by drinking water.
3. Food:-
Contamination food through human or animal faces and infective larvae enter the body by ingesting contaminating meat.
4. Insect Vactor :-
Tow types of Insect Vactor
- Biological
- Machanical
1. Biological
These types of Biological Insect Vector
- Mosquito
- Sand fly
- Tstenfly
- Ticks
- Reduviud Bug
2. Machanical
- Housefly
5. Animals :-
- Domestic - Cow, Pig , Dog , Cat
- Some wild - Moll uses
- Self - Auto Infection
Mode Infection
- Oral Transmission
- Skin Transmission
- Vectors Transmission
1. Oral Transmission:-
By food, water, and fingers
2. Skin Transmission :-
By Pentration, Inoculation or infection
3. Vectors Transmission
Collection Preservation and Processing of Sample in Parasitology
Stool collection sample :-
- Stool sample collected in clean, Dry Wide Mouth closed container.
- The container should be plastic.
- Urine should not be mixed in the sample while collecting the stool sample.
Transportation
- Stool sample should be examine within one hour.
- If it is not possible to examine the sample within one hour, the sample should be mixed with formal Saline
Composition of Formalin Saline
- 40% formaline - 25ml
- Normal Saline. -. 75ml
The amount of Formalin Saline should be three times more than the sample.