Erum Education

 DEFINATION Human Anatomy: It is the branch of science that studies the physical structure of human body. • Physiology: It is the branch of biology that deals with the internal working of living things, including functions such as metabolism, respiration and reproduction. STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION All multicellular organisms are organized at different levels, starting with the cell and ending with the entire organism. LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION • There are six levels of organization (from smallest to largest) 1. The chemical level 2. The cellular level 3. The tissue level 4. The organ level 5. The organ system level 6. The organism level SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY • There are 11 systems of the human body 1. Integumentary system (hairs, nails, sweat glands, oil glands) 2. Skeletal system 3. Muscular system 4. Endocrine system 5. Cardiovascular system 6. Lymphatic system 7. Respiratory system 8. Digestive system 9. Nervous system 10. Urinary system 11. Reproductive system BAS...

 WHAT IS RESPIRATORY SYSTEM? BMLT The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system, consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in human. Organs of Respiratory System: Nose and nasal cavity. Pharynx Larynx Trachea Two bronchi Bronchioles Two Lungs NOSE AND NASAL CAVITY POSITION AND STRUCTURE Main route of air entry. Two cavities divided by a SEPTUM. Anteriorly consist hyaline cartilage. The roof is formed by ethmoid bone The floor is formed by roof of the mouth. The medial wall formed by the septum. The lateral wall formed by the maxilla. RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS OF THE NOSE The first of the respiratory passages. Warming- Due to the immense vascularity of the mucosa. Filtering and cleaning- This occurs due to hairs which trap larger particles. Humidification - As air travels over the moist mucosa,it becomes saturated with water vapour. PHARYNX What is pharynx? The pharynx is the part of the throat that is ...

WHAT IS THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM? BMLT The gastrointestinal tract (digestive  tract, digestional tract, GI tract, GIT, gut,or alimentary canal) is an organ system within  humans and other animals which takes in food, digests it and absorb energy and nutrients, and  expels the remaining waste as feces. The major organs of the digestive system: Mouth. Pharynx. Esophagus. Stomach. Small Intestine. Large Intestine. Rectum Accessory digestive organs: liver gallbladder pancreas. Salivary gland Functions of GI tract Ingestion : taking of food into the alimentary tract. i.e. eating & drinking. Propulsion :mixes & moves the contents along the alimentary tract. Digestion :consist of: Mechanical breakdown of food e.g. mastication (chewing) Chemical digestion of food into small molecules by enzymes. Absorption: this is the process by which digested food substances pass through the walls of some organs of the walls of some organs of the alimentary canal into the blood for...

 What is Parasitology? Introduction Collection of Sample Protozoa Helminth 1. Introduction Parasitology Study of parasites that cause diseases in humans. It is called medical Parasitology. Clinical Parasitology:- Pathogenic organisms that are larger in size than bacteria and fungi under clinical parasitology. Host:- The organism that provides nutrition and habitat for the parasite to survive is called the host. Parasite  A living organism that takes its nutritional habitat from another living organism is called a parasite. Classes of Parasite  Classes of Parasite divided into 8 classes. Ectoparasite  Endoparasite  Temporary Parasite Permanent Parasite Facultative Parasite Obligatory Parasite Occosional Parasite Wondering Parasite 1. Ectoparasite. Parasites that live on the surface of the host's body are called ectoparasites. 2. Endoparasite:- Parasites that live inside the host's body are called endoparasites. 3. Temporary Parasite:- visits the host for some tim...

 What is Blood Formation Introduction Formation Blood  Blood is a type of connective tissue in which the following types of Physical properties arr found. Color  Volume  Reaction & ph  Specific Gravity Viscosity 1. Color:- Blood is a fluid which is Red in color. Arterial blood is Red and Venus blood is purple red. 2. Volume:- 4 to 5 liter blood in a normal person. 3. Reaction & ph:- It is slightly Alkaline and its ph is 7.4. 4.Specific Gravity Total Blod         -.    1.052 to 1.061 Blood cells       -.     1.092 to 1.101 Plasma.             -      1.022 to 1.026 5. Viscosity:-  It is 5 timea thickwr than water. Which is caused by blood cells and plasma. Composition of Blood Blood has three main function Transport Protection Requlation Transport.   Blood transport the following substances gases, namely Oxygen (O²) and car...

 Liver  Introduction The liver is the largest of the abdominal viscera, occupying a substantial portion of the upper abdominal cavity. It performs a wide range of metabolic activities necessary for homeostasis, nutrition and immune defence. It is composed largely of epithelial cells (hepatocytes), which are bathed in blood derived from the hepatic portal veins and hepatic arteries. Hepatocytes are also associated with an extensive system of minute canals, which form the biliary system into which products are secreted. The liver lies in the upper right part of the abdominal cavity. It occupies most of the right hypochondrium and epigastrium, frequently extends into the left hypochondrium as far as the left lateral line. In adults the liver weighs 2% of body mass. an overall wedge shape The liver capsule plays an important part in maintaining the integrity of its shape. Once the capsule is lacerated, the liver tissue is easily parted and provides only imited support for surgical...